RCTAutism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research2025

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Temporoparietal Junction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Results of a Phase-IIa Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Feasibility Study.

Christina Luckhardt, Magdalena Schütz, Andreas M Mühlherr and 16 others

PMID 40665956

WHAT IT FOUND

Adding brain stimulation to social skills training did not improve social interaction difficulties compared to sham.

While safety was good, the intervention failed its main goal. Some secondary reports of better quality of life were inconsistent and likely unreliable due to the tiny sample size.

Key findings

01The primary measure of social difficulties showed no meaningful difference between the brain stimulation group and the sham group immediately after treatment.

02Parents and participants reported better quality of life in the stimulation group, but the authors note these findings are uncertain due to small numbers and high variability.

03The study found no serious adverse events, and dropout was 12.5%, though daily clinic visits for two weeks were a major barrier for families.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they found

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What it does not show

The sample size was very small (24 randomized), which limits the reliability of any findings. Recruitment feasibility was low, with many potential participants excluded or declining. The daily clinic visits for two weeks were a significant burden, leading to dropouts and potentially affecting generalizability. The study was designed to test feasibility and safety, not to prove efficacy, so results should not be taken as definitive evidence of benefit or harm.

Declared interests

One author is a co-founder of Neuroelectrics, the company that manufactures the stimulation device used in the study. Two other authors have worked for the same company. The study was funded by the EU Project STIPED.

The easy way to misread this

Do not interpret the secondary findings of improved quality of life or reduced compulsive behavior as evidence that this treatment works. The primary outcome was null, and the study was underpowered to detect meaningful differences in secondary measures.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →


The study

Participants
24 randomized, 21 completed
Certainty of evidence
Moderate

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    Cite

    Christina Luckhardt, Magdalena Schütz, Andreas M Mühlherr, et al. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Temporoparietal Junction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Results of a Phase-IIa Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Feasibility Study. Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research. 2025.

    Read the original — we summarise, we never replace the paper.