The Psychometric Assessment of the Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale in Iranian Patients with Chronic Diseases.

The patients were chosen by convenience sampling from three hospitals in one Iranian province, so the results may not apply to other chronic disease groups or countries. The scale was assessed by self-report, and people with cognitive or psychological disorders were excluded, so it may not work the same way in those patients. The Persian version produced five factors instead of the original three dimensions, and no other self-efficacy scale was used for comparison, so its clinical meaning is not fully settled. The study only tested patients with diabetes, hypertension, chronic heart disease or end-stage renal disease; the authors recommend testing other chronic disease groups, including arthritis and chronic pulmonary obstructive disease.

Do not treat the Persian CDSES as a proven way to improve patient outcomes. The study only tested how the questionnaire performed in Iranian chronic disease patients; it did not show that raising self-efficacy scores leads to better self-management or health.