PTOTSLPCohortFrontiers in rehabilitation sciences2026

The prevalence of an isolated gastrocnemius tightness in patients with knee or hip pathology.

Špela Kralj Vitez, Matej Drobnič, Tina Tomc Žargi

PMID 42023392

WHAT IT FOUND

Isolated gastrocnemius tightness was found in 20% of patients with hip pathology and 10% with knee pathology before surgery.

Older age and higher pain levels were linked to greater tightness, while higher physical activity was associated with less tightness.

Key findings

01IGT defined by an ankle dorsiflexion index of 13° or more was present in approximately 20% of patients with hip pathology and 10% of those with knee pathology.

02Patients scheduled for total hip arthroplasty showed significantly higher ankle dorsiflexion index values compared to other diagnostic groups.

03Regression analysis identified age and pain levels as significant predictors of increased gastrocnemius tightness, while physical activity levels were inversely associated with it.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTsWhat it means for OTsWhat it means for SLPs

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What it does not show

The study was cross-sectional, so it shows an association between tightness and hip/knee pathology but cannot prove that tightness causes the joint problems or that fixing it will resolve them. Patients were only assessed once, on the day of admission, so daily fluctuations in muscle tightness were not captured. Prior conservative treatments for the hip or knee were not objectively recorded, which could influence current muscle flexibility. It is difficult to rule out other minor musculoskeletal issues in the lower back or opposite leg, which might also affect ankle dorsiflexion.

Declared interests

The authors declared that no financial support was received for this work.

The easy way to misread this

Do not assume that stretching the gastrocnemius will improve the patient's hip or knee pathology. This study only shows that tightness is more common in these groups; it does not test whether treating the tightness changes the disease course or surgical outcome.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →