The Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-sectional Study.
Azamsadat Mahmoudian, Zohre Zamani, Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh and 1 others
PMID 40755868WHAT IT FOUND
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause was found in 238 of 455 postmenopausal Iranian women (52.3%).
Urinary leakage and painful sex were common. Older age, fewer pregnancies, and urinary problems were associated with GSM. No treatment was tested.
Key findings
01Genitourinary syndrome of menopause was present in 238 of 455 postmenopausal women (52.3%).
02The most common reported symptoms were urinary incontinence in 179 participants (39.34%) and dyspareunia in 94 participants (20.66%).
03In the adjusted model, each one-year increase in age raised odds by 6%, each additional pregnancy lowered odds by 17%, and women without urinary problems had 97.3% lower odds of GSM.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
The study was cross-sectional, so it cannot show that age, pregnancies, or urinary problems caused GSM. Some data came from self-reports, which may be inaccurate, especially for urogenital complaints and DIVA answers. Participants were women from three health centers in one Iranian city, and many had limited education, so the prevalence may not apply to other settings. The study used a specific GSM definition, at least two signs or one sign and one symptom, which may differ from definitions used elsewhere. No intervention was tested, so the study cannot say what treatment or education would help.
Declared interests
The supplied metadata lists non-U.S. government research support. The article text does not report author conflicts of interest.
The easy way to misread this
Do not read the age, pregnancy, or urinary problem associations as causes that can be changed to prevent GSM. The study was cross-sectional and tested no intervention, so it cannot show that changing any factor would reduce GSM.