The impact of musical reward responses on cognitive function in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

The study was cross-sectional, so it cannot show that musical reward changes cognitive function. Objective cognitive function was available for only 87 participants, and the authors stated that this was insufficient to detect the impact of each musical reward factor. Participants were selected from adults with type 2 diabetes who had cognitive concerns and were not allowed to have dementia, head injury, or psychiatric disease. People who did not engage in any musical activities were excluded, and the study did not measure how often or what kind of music people used, physical activity, social engagement, or glucose variability. The sample was mostly female, non-Hispanic white, and highly educated, so it may not represent other populations. There was no clear definition of musician, so self-reported musician status may be inconsistent.

No conflicts or funding statement is included in the supplied text. The article is tagged as supported by N.I.H., Extramural research funding.

Do not read the mood regulation finding as evidence that music improves cognition in older adults with type 2 diabetes. The study was cross-sectional, objective cognitive function was not associated with any musical reward factor, and the objective analysis had only 87 participants.