The Effect of Self Care Education Based on Orem's Nursing Theory on Quality of Life and Self-Efficacy in Patients with Hypertension: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Patients were convenience sampled from one outpatient clinic in Iran, so the result may not transfer to other settings or health systems. The study could not blind patients or researchers because the intervention was education, which can affect self-reported quality of life. The education group received a bundle of sessions, booklets, phone follow-ups and routine physician care, so the contribution of any single component cannot be separated. The Persian version of the self-efficacy questionnaire had not had its construct validity determined in Iran. The study included adults aged 18 to 55, and most participants had elementary education, so it says little about older adults or people with lower literacy.

Do not read the eight-week quality-of-life gain as proof that self-care education alone works. The education group also received routine monthly physician visits, blood-pressure checks, session booklets and two telephone follow-ups, and the study did not test those parts separately.