PTOtherInternational journal of sports physical therapy2025

The Effect of Running Speed on Cadence and Running Kinetics.

Abbey Leacox, Lucy Fashingbauer, Thomas Ferguson and 3 others

PMID 40620407

WHAT IT FOUND

Faster treadmill running made experienced runners take more steps per minute and produce higher ground reaction forces at the same time.

Cadence rose from 169.2 to 177.9 steps/min while vertical average loading rate rose from 36.750 to 47.965 BW/sec.

Key findings

01Cadence increased from 169.2 steps/min to 177.9 steps/min as speed increased from 2.68 m/s to 3.83 m/s.

02Vertical average loading rate increased from 36.750 BW/sec to 47.965 BW/sec as speed increased from 2.68 m/s to 3.83 m/s.

03Eight runners changed cadence by four steps/min or less from the lowest to the highest speed, and that subset showed a significantly greater increase in estimated stride length.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTs

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What it does not show

It measured only immediate running mechanics on a treadmill, not injury outcomes, so it cannot show whether faster running causes injury. The speeds were run in a fixed order, slowest to fastest, not randomly, so the study cannot separate the effect of speed from the effect of order. Runners wore their own shoes, and shoe style or wear was not controlled. The paper reports 19 male and 11 female participants, and the cadence subset analysis included eight runners, so subgroup findings may be underpowered. Cadence counted by an examiner was higher than treadmill cadence at each speed, so only treadmill cadence was reported. Vertical impact peak was not always discernible, and loading rate calculations depended on its estimated timing.

Declared interests

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

The easy way to misread this

Do not conclude that faster running is safe because cadence rises. In this study, faster speed raised both cadence and ground reaction forces, and the paper did not test whether changing cadence or speed prevents injury.

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