The Effect of Home Visit Program Based on the Continued Kangaroo Mother Care on Maternal Resiliency and Development of Premature Infant: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The study enrolled a small sample at one hospital using convenience sampling, so the findings may not transfer to other settings or to infants outside the included criteria. Only statistical analysis was blinded, and mothers knew whether they continued kangaroo mother care at home; maternal resilience and infant development were reported by the mothers, so expectations may have influenced the scores. The intervention bundled continued kangaroo mother care at home with nurse home visits and checklist recording, so the study cannot identify which component produced the differences. Follow-up was short, with resilience measured one month after discharge and development measured at adjusted two months, so longer-term outcomes are not known. The study excluded infants needing invasive mechanical ventilation, infants with grade 3 or 4 intraventricular hemorrhage, infants below 1000 g, and mothers with psychiatric disorders, chronic disease, multiple birth, or major stressors, so it does not speak to more medically complex preterm infants or families.

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Do not conclude that kangaroo mother care alone caused the higher resilience and development scores. The experimental group also received nurse home visits and checklist support after discharge, while both groups had routine hospital kangaroo mother care and phone calls, so the separate contribution of any one component cannot be separated.