RNSystematic ReviewJournal of advanced nursing2026

The Application of Classic Grounded Theory in Nursing Studies: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

Justine Connor, Tracey Flenady, Trudy Dwyer and 1 others

PMID 40331732

WHAT IT FOUND

Nursing studies using Classic Grounded Theory often fail to report the participants' 'main concern' or their evaluation criteria.

This omission compromises the theory's integrity. Clinicians should critically appraise these studies for missing methodological details before applying their findings.

Key findings

01Half of the included nursing studies did not report identifying the participants' 'main concern', a fundamental tenet of Classic Grounded Theory.

02Fourteen studies failed to present or explain the Classic Grounded Theory evaluation criteria (fit, work, relevance, modifiability), and sixteen did not use them to evaluate their theory.

03Data collection and sampling procedures were consistently described across all 29 included studies.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs

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What it does not show

The review only included studies published between 2010 and 2024. Only English-language peer-reviewed journals were included. The GUREGT tool itself has items that the authors suggest need rephrasing for better utility.

Declared interests

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

The easy way to misread this

Do not assume that a nursing study labelled 'Classic Grounded Theory' is methodologically sound. The review shows that many such studies omit critical steps like defining the main concern or evaluating the theory, which are essential for the validity of the findings.

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