Teacher-school fit, job satisfaction, participation in decision-making, and psychological ownership as predictors of organizational ostracism among primary school teachers.

Everything was measured at a single time point, so the study shows which experiences go together, not which one comes first. All five measures came from the same questionnaire, filled in by the same teacher at one sitting, with nothing observed independently. The participants were 259 primary school teachers in one Turkish province, and about two thirds were men, so the findings may not transfer to other workforces or other countries. Four of the proposed paths, including the direct link between fit and feeling excluded, had to be dropped because they were not statistically significant. The study measured teachers' own ratings on scales, with no measure of behaviour, health or performance.

The authors state that they received no financial support for the research, authorship or publication of the article, and declared no potential conflicts of interest.

Do not read this as proof that improving how well teachers fit their school, or giving them more say, would reduce workplace exclusion. Every measure was taken at the same time, so the study can show that these experiences go together but not which one causes which.