Sleep Health Among Adults in Outpatient Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: A Systematic Review.
Estefania Hernandez, Stephanie Griggs
PMID 37379124WHAT IT FOUND
Adults in outpatient opioid treatment had poor sleep: worse quality, more daytime sleepiness, shorter time, and less efficient sleep than controls.
Nurses can assess sleep and review treatment plans, including medication timing, but this review does not test sleep interventions.
Key findings
01Adults with opioid use disorder had poorer sleep health across satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration compared with controls, national recommendations, and national samples without opioid use disorder.
02In case-control studies, adults with opioid use disorder had shorter mean total sleep time (359 ± 58 minutes vs 404 ± 47 minutes), lower mean sleep efficiency (75.6 ± 11.5% vs 88.7 ± 5.7%), and longer mean sleep onset latency (24.9 ± 8.5 minutes vs 11.8 ± 6.1 minutes) by polysomnography in three studies.
03Medication comparisons were inconsistent: five studies found no differences between methadone, diacetylmorphine, and buprenorphine on sleep, while one study reported more daytime drowsiness with methadone than buprenorphine.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
Read the rest of this summary
You get three full summaries a month, free, and we do not ask for a card. Search, the TL;DRs and your library stay unlimited either way.
What it does not show
The included studies focused on adults aged 18 to 50 years who were generally free of medical, psychiatric, and sleep disorders and of healthy weight, so the findings may not apply to older adults or people with common co-occurring conditions. Each study usually reported only one or two sleep dimensions, and sleep measures were reported inconsistently, so the review could not compare all sleep aspects together or pool many results. Several studies included people who used other substances, and there were few interventional studies, so medication type, dose, other substance use, sex, race, and socioeconomic factors could not be separated. The review did not test whether treating sleep problems changes medication-assisted treatment outcomes, which include medication plus counseling and behavioral therapy.
Declared interests
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
The easy way to misread this
Do not conclude that treating sleep problems improves medication-assisted treatment outcomes. This review describes poor sleep health among adults in outpatient opioid use disorder treatment and says sleep may be a factor to consider in relapse risk, but it did not test a sleep intervention.