Sleep Among Long-Term Care Residents in China: A Narrative Review of Literature.

This is a narrative review, not a systematic review or meta-analysis, so it does not combine results into a pooled estimate. Only 15 heterogeneous studies were included, and the review did not pool them, so it cannot say which intervention works best. All sleep outcomes were subjective questionnaire reports; no objective sleep measures such as actigraphy were used. Different PSQI cut points were used in Mainland China and Taiwan, and some studies used unknown researcher-designed questionnaires. Many included studies had vague methods, small samples, weak statistical adjustment, and incomplete reporting of cognitive status. Intervention studies varied in design, sample size, duration, and whether residents had sleep problems at baseline. The positive intervention findings came mostly from small studies, and the light therapy study was null.

The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest. The article is listed as research supported by NIH extramural funding.

Do not read this as proof that exercise, acupressure, or behavioural programmes reliably improve sleep in long-term care residents. The review is narrative, the studies were small and heterogeneous, sleep was measured subjectively, and the light therapy study was null.