Sex Differences in the Association Between Inflammation and Event-Free Survival in Patients With Heart Failure.
Zyad T Saleh, Ahmad T Alraoush, Ahmad A Aqel and 3 others
PMID 37707972WHAT IT FOUND
In women with heart failure, high inflammation was not associated with higher risk of hospitalization or death.
In men, high inflammation was associated with 1.85 times higher risk. The blood marker has no clinical cutoff.
Key findings
01After adjustment, men with high inflammation had 1.85 times higher risk of a first event (heart failure or cardiac hospitalization or death) than men with low inflammation.
02After adjustment, women with high inflammation did not have a significantly different risk of an event compared with women with low inflammation.
03High inflammation was defined as sTNFR1 above the sample median of 1820 pg/ml, and no clinical diagnostic cutoff for sTNFR1 in heart failure is established.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
The study is a secondary analysis of registry data, and inflammation was measured only at baseline, so changes over time were not assessed. There is no established clinical diagnostic cutoff value for sTNFR1 in patients with heart failure. The high inflammation group was defined using the sample median, not a clinical threshold. The sample had more men than women and a relatively small number of minorities, so applying the results to other heart failure populations needs caution. No anti-inflammatory therapy was tested, so the study does not show that lowering inflammation improves event-free survival. Event-free survival combined heart failure or cardiac hospitalization with all-cause death, and cause of death was not consistently reliable.
Declared interests
The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
The easy way to misread this
Do not conclude that inflammation testing should guide heart failure nursing care or that anti-inflammatory treatment improves event-free survival. sTNFR1 had no clinical cutoff, was measured only at baseline, and no anti-inflammatory therapy was tested.