Self-Advocacy Among Women With Uterine Malignancies.

The study was cross-sectional, so it cannot show long-term effects or cause-and-effect relationships. Participants were recruited by convenience sampling from only three hospitals in Shandong Province, which may limit generalizability. Self-advocacy, resilience, and decision self-efficacy were measured by self-report, which may introduce reporting bias. For patients unable to complete questionnaires themselves, assistants recorded and confirmed answers, which may affect responses. The analysis considered only psychological resilience and decision self-efficacy as psychological factors, not other possible influences such as shame or personality.

Do not read the correlations and regression as proof that increasing resilience or decision confidence will improve self-advocacy. This was a cross-sectional self-report survey, so it shows associations at one time point, not a tested intervention or cause.