Risk for shock in people with acute myocardial infarction: a middle-range theory.
Anna Livia de Medeiros Dantas, Richardson Augusto Rosendo da Silva, Dandara Nayara de Azevedo Dantas and 5 others
PMID 41370616WHAT IT FOUND
Three physiological problems and 23 preceding factors for shock risk in acute myocardial infarction were identified, including bleeding, low fluid volume, ejection fraction below 35%, and prior heart attack.
Key findings
01The review identified three essential attributes of shock risk: reduced capillary filling pressure, insufficient nutrient supply to tissues, and inadequate cardiac output.
02The 23 clinical antecedents were grouped into three risk factors, 16 associated conditions and three at-risk populations, including ejection fraction below 35%.
03Eight propositions linked focal and contextual stimuli to ineffective behaviours such as low cardiac output and reduced capillary filling pressure.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
No patients were enrolled, and no shock outcomes were measured. The findings are theoretical propositions developed from published literature, not tested interventions. The theory is specific to acute myocardial infarction and may not apply to other populations. No residual stimuli were included.
The easy way to misread this
Do not treat the listed factors as proven causes or as interventions that prevent shock. The study develops theoretical propositions from reviewed literature and does not test them.