Risk factors for HIV infection among adolescents and the youth: a systematic review.
Pedro Augusto Bossonario, Melisane Regina Lima Ferreira, Rubia Laine de Paula Andrade and 4 others
PMID 36197391WHAT IT FOUND
Female gender, older age, low education, Black ethnicity, alcohol consumption, inconsistent condom use, early sex before 16 and multiple partners were associated with higher HIV risk in African adolescents and youth.
Key findings
01Female gender, older age, low education, Black ethnicity, alcohol consumption, inconsistent condom use, early sexual intercourse before 16, and multiple partners were associated with higher HIV risk.
02Early sexual initiation and absent condom use in first sexual intercourse contributed to predisposing adolescents and youth to HIV.
03Higher HIV risk was found among those with multiple partners, partners who have other partners, and those sleeping away from home for three or more nights.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
All included studies were conducted in Africa, limiting the generalizability of findings to other cultural and epidemiological contexts. The review included only cross-sectional studies, which cannot establish causality. Methodological quality was mixed, with five of seven studies failing to achieve excellent quality, particularly in identifying and controlling for confounding factors. Grey literature was excluded from the final analysis, potentially introducing publication bias.
Declared interests
The article was part of a supplement edited by the University of São Paulo's School of Nursing and the PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre. Publication was supported by PAHO/WHO. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily PAHO/WHO. No other specific conflicts of interest were declared.
The easy way to misread this
Do not assume these risk factors apply universally to adolescents and youth in non-African settings, as all included studies were conducted in Africa with distinct cultural and epidemiological contexts.