A proposed six-phase return-to-golf framework after ACL reconstruction, built from biomechanics and rehab literature. It is not validated — the authors call for a prospective pilot study before it can guide practice.
No study has directly tested the safety or effectiveness of this return-to-golf protocol in patients after ACL reconstruction; the authors frame it as a clinical commentary requiring prospective validation before it can be considered a standard of care.
The proposed progression is criteria-based rather than time-based: quadriceps limb symmetry index thresholds of 70%, 80%, and 90% gate entry into partial wedges, full wedges/short irons, and long irons/driver respectively, and progression should not occur merely because a postoperative week has been reached.
Laboratory studies show substantial loading in both the lead and trail knee during a golf swing, including greater net abduction moment impulse in the trail knee, so the same fundamental clinical requirements apply regardless of which knee was reconstructed.
Single-blind randomized controlled trial. Sixty-four participants were randomized across two intervention arms and assessed at twelve weeks for the primary outcome…
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