Resistance Exercise Training on Musculoskeletal, Metabolic and Psychological Health in Sedentary Office Workers - Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The certainty of evidence was rated as very low for most outcomes due to high risk of bias in the included studies, such as lack of blinding and unclear randomization. There was substantial heterogeneity in the types of resistance training interventions, dosages, and outcome measures used across the 17 studies. Only a small number of studies were available for many specific outcomes, limiting the robustness of the pooled estimates. All included studies were conducted in high-income countries, which may limit the generalizability of findings to office workers in low- and middle-income settings. Some reported effect sizes, particularly for shoulder discomfort, appear implausibly large, suggesting potential issues with data extraction or measurement scales.

The study was funded by Manipal Academy of Higher Education. No other conflicts of interest were declared by the authors.

Do not interpret the large reported effect on shoulder discomfort as proof of efficacy. The certainty of evidence is very low, and the effect size is likely inflated by methodological flaws and heterogeneity in the included studies.