Reliability of the Main 2D Kinematic Variables of Running Evaluated Categorically in Amateur Runners, Aged 18 to 55 Years.
Annie V Stappung, Paulina M Espinoza, Matilda J Letelier and 1 others
PMID 40756792WHAT IT FOUND
Two-dimensional video analysis reliably categorizes knee window, heel whip, foot progression angle, and overstriding in amateur runners.
However, pelvic drop and rearfoot eversion showed poor agreement. Rater expertise significantly influenced results, with some variables only reliable when assessed by experienced clinicians.
Key findings
01Knee window, heel whip, foot progression angle, and overstriding demonstrated substantial to almost perfect inter-rater agreement.
02Pelvic drop and rearfoot eversion showed weak and inconsistent agreement, making them unsuitable for this method.
03Reliability depended heavily on rater experience; the consensus group and experienced physical therapist agreed strongly on seven variables, while the athletic trainer did not.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTs
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What it does not show
The study did not compare 2D video analysis to the gold standard 3D motion capture, so it proves consistency between raters but not accuracy. The sample was small (33 runners) and consisted only of recreational runners without recent lower limb injuries. Treadmill running may not fully replicate overground running mechanics. Camera synchronization issues and marker visibility problems due to clothing may have affected the data.
Declared interests
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
The easy way to misread this
Do not assume that high inter-rater agreement means the 2D video analysis is accurate. This study only tested whether different people saw the same thing, not whether they saw the correct biomechanical event compared to 3D motion capture.