Prevalence and smokers' profile: comparisons between the psychiatric population and the general population.
Renata Marques de Oliveira, Jair Lício Ferreira Santos, Antonia Regina Ferreira Furegato
PMID 31038640WHAT IT FOUND
Current smoking was more common in psychiatric services than in basic care: 60% in a psychiatric hospital, 27% in a mental health ambulatory, and 19% in a basic health unit.
Smokers were more often male, single, young, without occupation, and had more severe psychiatric symptoms.
Key findings
01Current smoking prevalence differed by service: 60% in the psychiatric hospital, 27% in the mental health ambulatory, and 19% in the basic health unit.
02Smokers had the most severe psychiatric symptoms in the three days before the interview.
03Among smokers, the highest-rated reason for smoking was reducing tension or relaxation, rated above dependence.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
It was done in one city in São Paulo, so the smoking patterns may not apply elsewhere. It was cross-sectional, so it cannot show whether smoking caused severe symptoms, hospitalizations, or suicide attempts. No multivariate analysis was performed, so the associations may be explained by other factors. People who could not communicate, had mental retardation, or had problematic alcohol or illicit substance use without psychiatric comorbidity were excluded, so it may not represent all psychiatric patients.
The easy way to misread this
Do not conclude that smoking caused severe psychiatric symptoms, hospitalizations, or suicide attempts. The study measured current smoking and symptoms at one time in one Brazilian city and did not test whether stopping smoking changes outcomes.