Patient-Reported Outcome Measures to Determine Sleep Problems in Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.

Only studies published in English were included, so other language versions or instruments may have been missed. The review did not perform new psychometric testing; it used only the properties reported by each study. Almost half of the studies did not identify the language version of the PROMs, so availability in multiple languages is unclear. No study assessed measurement error or responsiveness, so the tools' ability to detect change over time is unknown. Validation was limited to kidney transplant recipients, so it is uncertain whether the results apply to people receiving dialysis or conservative CKD care. Meta-analysis was not possible because study designs, populations, instruments, and properties varied.

The authors declare no conflicts of interest and received no specific funding for this study.

Do not use the PSQI as a stand-alone way to diagnose insomnia or obstructive sleep apnoea in adults with CKD. The review found only the PSQI and STCS-DS were tested in people with CKD, both in kidney transplant recipients, and the PSQI lacks specificity for those disorders.