RNOtherNursing in critical care2026

Opportunities to Improve Nutrition for Patients in Hospital After Discharge From an Intensive Care Unit: A Human Factors Analysis.

Sarah Vollam, Owen Gustafson, Lauren Morgan and 3 others

PMID 41622457

WHAT IT FOUND

Post-ICU ward nutrition is often delayed because intake is poorly documented, dietitian referral is often missed, and NG tube checks or procedure breaks interrupt feeds.

Nurses can monitor intake, refer early, and avoid early NG tube removal.

Key findings

01Poor nutrition management was a common contributory factor to probably avoidable deaths after ICU discharge.

02Nutritional monitoring was absent in half of the in-depth reviews where nutritional problems were present, limiting staff ability to recognise poor intake.

03Delays due to staff workload in tube placement checks and repeated fasting for procedures can produce prolonged periods without nutrition.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs

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What it does not show

The study did not test a nutrition intervention, so it cannot show that closer monitoring, early referral, or avoiding early NG tube removal improves nutrition or recovery. Clinical documentation was poor for nutritional monitoring, so the authors likely underestimated the size and timing of nutrition problems. Only 40 cases were reviewed in depth, and qualitative interviews provided few direct references to nutrition provision. The process-mapping model focused on enteral feeding, not oral feeding, parenteral nutrition, or all nutrition routes. Not all staff involved in nutrition delivery were included, such as speech and language therapists, radiologists, porters, and operations managers.

Declared interests

The study was funded by the National Institute for Health Research under its Research for Patient Benefit Programme and supported by the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

The easy way to misread this

Do not read the recommendations as proven ways to improve nutrition or reduce avoidable deaths. The study mapped barriers from deaths, records and interviews but did not test a change, and poor documentation likely underestimated the problem.

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The study

Participants
300 patient records reviewed; 40 in-depth cases; 55 interviews (18 patients, 7 family members, 30 staff)
Certainty of evidence
Low

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Sarah Vollam, Owen Gustafson, Lauren Morgan, et al. Opportunities to Improve Nutrition for Patients in Hospital After Discharge From an Intensive Care Unit: A Human Factors Analysis. Nursing in critical care. 2026.

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