Non-pharmacological interventions to promote the sleep of patients after cardiac surgery: a systematic review.
Fernanda de Souza Machado, Regina Claudia da Silva Souza, Vanessa Brito Poveda and 1 others
PMID 28902932WHAT IT FOUND
After cardiac surgery, earplugs, masks, relaxation, white noise, and education were reported to improve sleep, but trial quality was uneven and a massage study found no benefit.
Key findings
01Four of the ten trials tested devices such as earplugs, masks, headphones, and guided imagery; earplugs and masks were reported to reduce environmental stimuli and interference in sleep patterns.
02Relaxation trials reported significant sleep improvement, but a massage trial found no significant improvement; education and sleep-hygiene trials reported better sleep quality and lower anxiety, depression, and pain interference compared with those who did not receive education.
0350% of the included studies had moderate methodological quality, and one trial did not report why participants withdrew or use double-blind procedures.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
Only randomized trials were included. The search was limited to English, Portuguese, and Spanish. The included studies varied in interventions, populations, sleep measurement, and follow-up. This variation made it difficult to recommend one best approach. 50% of the studies had moderate methodological quality. One trial did not report why participants withdrew or use double-blind procedures. A massage trial found no significant improvement.
The easy way to misread this
Do not treat these interventions as proven for every patient after cardiac surgery. The review included trials with uneven methodological quality, and a massage trial did not find significant improvement.