RNQualitativeInternational journal of nursing studies2025

Neonatal units as physical spaces for newborn care delivery in Kenya: A qualitative study.

Caroline Waithira, Nancy Odinga, Gloria Ngaiza and 8 others

PMID 41072333

WHAT IT FOUND

Kenyan neonatal unit layouts shaped whether nurses could orient mothers, hold private conversations, support kangaroo care, and help mothers express milk.

Hidden or crowded nursing stations and few kangaroo beds made communication and mother participation harder.

Key findings

01The nursing station was the main place for information exchange between providers and mothers, but its visibility, size and traffic shaped whether talks and private conversations could happen.

02Visible nursing stations helped providers identify incoming mothers and provide orientation, while hidden stations left mothers to follow other mothers or wander.

03Few kangaroo care beds limited continuous kangaroo care, while dedicated breast-milk expressing spaces helped providers identify struggling mothers and supported mother-to-mother connection.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs

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What it does not show

Findings come from four hospitals in Kenya, so they cannot be generalized to other settings. Observations were subjective, and each researcher collected data in only two hospitals, although weekly team debriefs were used. The paper does not give an exact number of participants, only over 100 interviews. It describes space and care delivery, not tested changes or patient outcomes.

Declared interests

The research was funded by NIHR using UK International Development Funding, a Wellcome Trust grant, and a KEMRI Wellcome core grant. The authors say the funders did not participate in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or the decision to publish, and they have no conflicts of interest to declare.

The easy way to misread this

Do not read this as proof that redesigning neonatal units improves neonatal outcomes. The study describes how space affects nurse-mother communication and mother participation. It did not test a redesign or measure mortality or quality-of-care outcomes.

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