Multilevel model in the identification of behavioral and structural risk factors for HIV: integrative review.
Juliana Kelly Batista da Silva, Jamira Martins Dos Santos, William Caracas Moreira and 3 others
PMID 36542051WHAT IT FOUND
Across the included multilevel studies, HIV risk clustered with economic disadvantage, unstable housing, incarceration, neighborhood conditions, transactional sex, multiple partners, substance use and early sex.
Condom use, testing access and housing stability were reported as protective factors.
Key findings
01HIV risk in the included multilevel studies was linked to economic disadvantage, social disorder, neighborhood characteristics, housing instability and incarceration.
02Behavioral risk factors included transactional sex, multiple partners, substance abuse and age at first intercourse.
03Condom use, accessibility to voluntary testing, reduced socioeconomic disadvantage and housing stability were reported as protective factors.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
Only 10 studies were included. The included studies came from different countries and used cross-sectional, cohort and qualitative designs, so the review groups findings rather than estimating effects. The authors note a scarcity of Brazilian multilevel studies, which limited comparison with local youth and adults.
The easy way to misread this
Do not read the listed factors as proven causes of HIV or as effects of nursing interventions. The review describes associations from included studies, not tested preventive programmes.