Mixed Reality in Nursing Practice: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review.
Chandler H Moser, Changhwan Kim, Bindu Charles and 6 others
PMID 40200558WHAT IT FOUND
Mixed reality tools in nursing showed mixed, limited evidence.
Wound documentation and intubation did not consistently beat standard care, and comfort or workflow problems limited use. Do not change nursing practice based on this review.
Key findings
01The review included eight studies, and their MR interventions and outcomes were too varied to combine into one overall result.
02Efficiency findings were mixed: MR-assisted wound documentation was compared only with other MR control methods, not standard documentation, and MR-assisted intubation did not improve efficiency over standard video laryngoscopy.
03Only one study measured nurse satisfaction and one study discussed team effectiveness, while qualitative reports described technical failures, discomfort, distraction and battery or connectivity problems.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
Only eight studies were found, and their MR devices, tasks, outcomes and participants were too different to combine. Many studies had serious risk of bias, especially in outcome measurement and participant selection. MR was often compared with another MR method or with no control group, not with usual nursing care. Most outcome measures were unvalidated or bespoke, and only two studies used instruments with documented validity and reliability. Several studies used manikins, volunteers or very small samples, so patient safety and patient outcomes are not established. No included study directly or indirectly measured health equity outcomes.
Declared interests
The authors declared no conflicts of interest. The work was funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
The easy way to misread this
Do not read the lower hematoma rate or faster code cart training as proof that MR improves nursing care. The review found mixed evidence, several comparisons were not against standard care, and the studies were too varied to combine into a reliable effect.