Maximal and Explosive Muscle Strength During Hip Adduction Squeeze and Hip Abduction Press Test Using A Handheld Dynamometer: An Intra- and Inter-tester Reliability Study.
Lasse Ishøi, Kristian Thorborg, Laura Krohn and 3 others
PMID 37547845WHAT IT FOUND
Handheld dynamometry reliably measures maximal isometric hip adduction and abduction strength in healthy adults, regardless of the tester.
However, early-phase rate of force development is too inconsistent to be useful clinically, so only late-phase measures should be used if assessing explosive strength.
Key findings
01Maximal isometric strength showed good intra- and inter-tester reliability for both hip adduction and abduction tests.
02Early-phase rate of force development (0-100 ms) showed poor reliability and large measurement error, limiting its clinical utility.
03Late-phase rate of force development (0-200 ms) had good intra-tester reliability but moderate inter-tester reliability, suggesting it should be measured by the same tester.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTs
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What it does not show
The study only included healthy adults, so it is unknown if pain or injury affects the reliability of these tests. Testers were final-year physiotherapy students with limited experience, which may not reflect the consistency of highly experienced clinicians. Systematic bias was observed between testers for most measures, likely due to differences in forearm length or testing technique, which were not controlled for. Early-phase RFD had such high measurement error that it provided little to no utility for clinical assessment.
Declared interests
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
The easy way to misread this
Do not assume that all explosive strength measures are equally reliable. While peak force is consistent across testers, early-phase rate of force development (0-100 ms) has such high measurement error that it should not be used to guide return-to-play decisions or track progress.