PTOtherInternational journal of sports physical therapy2026

Inter-rater and Intra-rater Reliability of the Cutting Movement Assessment Score Among Physical Therapists.

Evan Andreyo, Casey Unverzagt, Thomas Dos'Santos and 1 others

PMID 41939960

WHAT IT FOUND

The same therapist scored the same 20 cutting videos almost identically when re-scored 130 days later (excellent).

Scores from different therapists agreed only moderately, and least between the most experienced and the newest rater.

Key findings

01The therapist who scored the videos twice, 130 days apart, gave almost identical total scores: intra-rater reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.96).

02Agreement between the three therapists on the total score was moderate (ICC = 0.67), below the good-to-excellent level the authors had predicted. The lowest agreement was between the most experienced therapist and the entry-level therapist (ICC = 0.49).

03On individual items, percentage agreement between therapist pairs ranged from 60% to 100% and most kappa coefficients were moderate or better (above 0.41). The items the raters disagreed on most were those about hip rotation and trunk position.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTs

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What it does not show

Only three therapists rated the videos and only one scored them a second time, so the estimate of how much therapists differ rests on a very small number of people. The study was sized to detect a moderate level of agreement at best (18 athletes were calculated as the minimum for an ICC of 0.60), so it cannot separate good agreement from excellent agreement. Planned and unplanned cuts were scored together and the authors did not compare agreement between the two conditions, even though the movement itself differs. All the athletes were injury-free female collegiate basketball players, so this says nothing about male athletes, other sports, or players tested after ACL injury or surgery. Only one athlete had a previous ACL injury. Therapists could slow the video down and replay it as many times as they wanted, with no set review protocol, which is not how a clinic visit runs. The training was delivered by one of the developers of the test, which the authors themselves note may not be realistic in every clinic. The suggestion that more experienced therapists spot movement faults better comes from comparing one entry-level rater with two experienced ones and is the authors' interpretation, not a tested result.

Declared interests

The authors declare no known conflicts of interest related to this work. The supplied text contains no funding statement, so who paid for the study is not stated.

The easy way to misread this

Do not read this as showing the CMAS gives the same score in different therapists' hands. Overall agreement between therapists was moderate, and the therapist pair furthest apart in experience scored 0.49, which falls in the poor band on the scale the authors used. The related idea that more experienced therapists spot movement faults better comes from comparing just three raters and is not something this study can show.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →