Insight Into Differences in Dietary Sodium Adherence Between Men and Women With Heart Failure.
Terry A Lennie, Debra K Moser, Misook L Chung
PMID 31985702WHAT IT FOUND
Men with heart failure consumed more total sodium and excreted more sodium than women, but sodium per calorie was similar.
At higher calorie intake, men's sodium rose more than women's.
Key findings
01Men consumed 28% more sodium than women and excreted 16% more sodium in 24-hour urine.
02Sodium intake per 1000 kcal and urine sodium per 1000 kcal were the same in men and women.
03At higher calorie intake, men's sodium intake and urine sodium were greater than women's, while women's urine sodium did not vary with calorie intake.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
The analysis used 4-day food diaries and a single 24-hour urine collection, so the results may not reflect usual sodium intake. The sample had proportionally more men than women, which can make sex comparisons less stable. The sample was predominantly non-Hispanic White, so results may not apply to other groups of patients with heart failure. This was a secondary analysis of a study designed to examine diet, body mass index, inflammation, and event-free survival, not primarily sex differences in sodium adherence. Patients with unreliable diet recording or incomplete urine collection were excluded, so the final sample may not represent all patients with heart failure.
Declared interests
The authors declared no conflicts of interest; the publication metadata lists NIH and non-U.S. government research support.
The easy way to misread this
Do not conclude that men with heart failure eat saltier foods than women. Sodium per calorie was similar, and higher calorie intake was linked to higher sodium in men.