Individual and Institutional Factors Associated With Urinary Incontinence Among Nursing Home Residents: A Multilevel Analysis.
Javier Jerez-Roig, Nayara Priscila Dantas de Oliveira, Pau Moreno-Martin and 7 others
PMID 40238962WHAT IT FOUND
In nursing homes, urinary incontinence was associated with residents' cognitive impairment, neurological disease and older age.
Facility staffing, ownership and environment were not associated.
Key findings
01In the final multilevel model, urinary incontinence was associated with neurological disease, cognitive impairment from moderate through very severe, and older age.
02No institutional variable was significantly associated with urinary incontinence in the multilevel analysis.
03Urinary incontinence was present in 77.5% of residents, faecal incontinence in 46.1%, and double incontinence in 45.7%.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
Because the study was cross-sectional, it cannot show that any factor caused urinary incontinence. Institutional data were missing for 8 homes, and many institutional variables had missing data, so the finding that institutions were not associated may be incomplete. Staff knowledge about urinary incontinence and continence care practices were not measured. Residents' continence and many symptoms were reported by nursing home staff proxies rather than by residents, which may affect accuracy. Some health conditions were assessed with simple trigger questions, which may have limited accuracy.
Declared interests
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest. No funding statement is provided in the supplied text.
The easy way to misread this
Do not conclude that nursing home staffing or environment does not affect urinary incontinence. The study had missing institutional data and did not measure staff knowledge or continence care practices.