CohortJournal of occupational rehabilitation2025

Incidence Rates and Predictors of Recurrent Long-Term Mental Sickness Absence Due to Common Mental Disorders.

Matthew Mulder, Robin Kok, Bart Aben and 1 others

PMID 39066861

WHAT IT FOUND

After a long-term absence for a common mental disorder, 15.6% of employees had another long-term mental absence within three years.

Mood or anxiety disorders were associated with more recurrence than adjustment disorders; age, gender, company size and full-time equivalent were not.

Key findings

01Within three years after full return to work, 15.6% of employees had a recurrent long-term mental absence episode, and the median time to recurrence was 317 days.

02After accounting for other measured variables, employees whose first long-term mental absence was due to mood or anxiety disorders had higher recurrence rates than those whose first absence was due to adjustment disorders (28.1% and 38.7% higher, respectively).

03A longer first absence was associated with lower recurrence at full return to work: each additional month corresponded to a 4.3% lower recurrence rate, but the association faded by two years.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they found

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What it does not show

Employees who changed employers were lost to follow-up, so a recurrence outside the records may have been missed; if higher-risk employees changed jobs more often, recurrence rates could be underestimated. The routine records were not exhaustive, so an episode labelled as the first in this study could already have been a recurrence, although any later episode was still counted as a recurrence. First absence length and job tenure change over time, which could bias the models; employees with longer first absences were more often lost to follow-up, although shortening follow-up to one year did not change the duration association. 332 employees were removed for administrative errors and 267 were excluded for missing data.

The easy way to misread this

Do not conclude that a longer first absence prevents recurrence. This was an observational association, and employees with longer first absences were more likely to be lost to follow-up, which could distort the finding.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →


The study

Participants
16,310 employees
Certainty of evidence
Low

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    Cite

    Matthew Mulder, Robin Kok, Bart Aben, et al. Incidence Rates and Predictors of Recurrent Long-Term Mental Sickness Absence Due to Common Mental Disorders. Journal of occupational rehabilitation. 2025.

    Read the original — we summarise, we never replace the paper.