In-person victimization, cyber victimization, and polyvictimization in relation to internalizing symptoms and self-esteem in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Nicholas D Fogleman, Julia D McQuade, Krista R Mehari and 1 others
PMID 34155671WHAT IT FOUND
Adolescents with ADHD who experienced both in-person and cyber victimization reported the highest anxiety and depression and lowest self-esteem.
In-person victimization linked to adolescent-reported anxiety, while cyber victimization linked to parent-reported depression. Assess both types of bullying.
Key findings
01Adolescents with ADHD who experienced polyvictimization (both in-person and cyber) reported significantly higher anxiety and depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem than those who did not experience victimization.
02In-person victimization was uniquely associated with higher adolescent-reported anxiety symptoms, whereas cyber victimization was uniquely associated with higher parent-reported depressive symptoms.
03Both in-person and cyber victimization were uniquely associated with lower self-esteem in adolescents with ADHD.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they found
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What it does not show
The study is cross-sectional, so it cannot determine if victimization causes anxiety/depression or if youth with these symptoms are more likely to be victimized. There was no control group of adolescents without ADHD, so it is unclear if these findings are unique to ADHD. Victimization data relied solely on adolescent self-report. The sample size was relatively small (78 participants).
Declared interests
The corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
The easy way to misread this
Do not assume cyber victimization is more prevalent than in-person victimization in this population. In-person victimization was reported by 64.1% of participants, compared to 23% for cyber victimization.