Immersive Real-Time Biofeedback Optimized With Enhanced Expectancies Improves Motor Learning: A Feasibility Study.

Participants were assigned by recruitment order, not by a random draw, so baseline differences or selection effects cannot be ruled out. The study enrolled 45 young adults aged 18 to 30 with screening-defined knee collapse and excluded prior concussion, vertigo, lower-extremity surgery, or recent lower-extremity injury, so it does not show effects in injured or older patients. The intervention was one day of squats, and retention was tested only about 24 hours later, so long-term learning was not shown. Outcomes were static single-leg squat balance while doing a virtual reality thinking task, not landing, cutting, or ACL injury outcomes. The investigator delivering feedback could not be blind to group assignment. Large variability was noted, possibly because the virtual reality cognitive task blocked visual orientation. The sample did not represent diverse racial and ethnic groups. Cognitive task errors were not analyzed. Because it was a pilot, effect sizes were used to judge meaningfulness instead of formal significance testing.

Do not conclude that this virtual reality green-highlight biofeedback prevents ACL injury or should replace usual training. It was a pilot in young adults with screening-defined knee collapse, measured only next-day balance changes during a single-leg squat hold, and the right-leg benefit was not shown for side-to-side sway or for avatar color choice.