Narrative ReviewAmerican journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation2023

How Subjective and Objective Factors in Research and Practice May Perpetuate Health Disparities Among Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Karen T Johnson, HyunBin You, Melissa Kandel, Tolu O Oyesanya

PMID 37205611

WHAT IT FOUND

The paper argues that implicit bias, low health literacy, and poor trust contribute to worse outcomes for patients with traumatic brain injury, especially among racial and ethnic minorities.

It calls for better measurement of these subjective factors and clinician self-reflection, but reports no original data or tested interventions.

What this paper is

This is a perspective and recommendation piece arguing that subjective factors (like implicit bias, health literacy, and trust) contribute to health disparities in traumatic brain injury, alongside objective factors (like race and insurance status). It contains no original patient data, no study methods, and no measured outcomes. It offers suggestions for future research and practice changes, but reports no findings to act on.

The easy way to misread this

Do not read the recommendations for bias training and health literacy screening as evidence that these interventions improve patient outcomes. The paper cites existing literature to argue that subjective factors are important, but it did not test any specific clinical strategy or measure any results.

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The study

Certainty of evidence
Low

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    Cite

    Karen T Johnson, HyunBin You, Melissa Kandel, et al. How Subjective and Objective Factors in Research and Practice May Perpetuate Health Disparities Among Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation. 2023.

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