Experiences of Teachers and Occupational Therapists in Identifying Activity Problems Among Primary School Students With Developmental Difficulties in Indonesia: A Focus Group Interview.

Occupational therapy international · 2026 · Qualitative · OT
Putri Ashari, Cahya Ramadani Renhoran, Dwi Ayu Nur Komariyah, Yu Ishibashi

A qualitative study of 15 Indonesian teachers and OTs found that students with developmental difficulties struggle not just academically but with self-care and religious routines. The structured identification process described likely reflects well-resourced private schools, not the broader system.

Key findings

1

Participants identified two main themes: a holistic, multi-stakeholder approach to managing student activity problems, and the range of functional participation challenges students face at school.

2

Students with developmental difficulties faced restrictions not only in academic tasks but also in daily living activities such as buttoning a uniform and in religious routines including prayer, ablution, and Quran recitation.

3

The structured identification and support processes described by participants likely reflect the greater resources available in private schools on Java island, and may not transfer to under-resourced public schools.

MethodologyResultsClinical Relevance

Single-blind randomized controlled trial. Sixty-four participants were randomized across two intervention arms and assessed at twelve weeks for the primary outcome…

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