Examination of individuals' depression, anxiety, and stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.
Semra Erdoğan, Ahu Aksoy Can, Arzu Abiç and 1 others
PMID 36428081WHAT IT FOUND
In Turkey, 22.3% of adults had severe depression, 19.0% had severe anxiety, and 14.3% had severe stress.
Scores were higher in women, younger adults, single people, unemployed people, and unvaccinated people.
Key findings
01Severe symptoms were common: 22.3% had severe depression, 19.0% had severe anxiety, and 14.3% had severe stress.
02Agreement was poor by Cohen's kappa for all three subscales, and by Gwet's AC1 it was poor for anxiety but moderate for depression and stress.
03Depression, anxiety, and stress scores were higher among women, single people, people without children, unemployed people, people without social security, and people whose income was lower than their expenses.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
The sample was a convenience online sample of adults who could use a smartphone or computer and read Turkish, so it may not represent people without internet access or digital tools. Self-report scores were not clinical diagnoses, and the study was cross-sectional, so it cannot show cause. Agreement between scale scores and self-rated feelings was poor, especially for anxiety, so the two may identify different people. Many subgroup comparisons were made, and some findings, such as higher depression in people without chronic disease, need cautious interpretation.
Declared interests
The authors reported no funding and no conflicts of interest.
The easy way to misread this
Do not conclude that vaccination, marriage, employment, or health care satisfaction caused lower distress. The study measured adults at one time and cannot show cause.