Evaluating the Effectiveness of Interventions on Increasing Participation in Cervical Cancer Screening.
Gonul Kurt, Aygul Akyuz
PMID 30908429WHAT IT FOUND
Women who received a home visit with training plus a brochure attended cervical screening at 55.9%, compared with 31.9% and 25.2% for those given a brochure or an invitation alone.
All groups also heard the screening was free.
Key findings
01Cervical cancer screening participation was 55.9% in the education plus brochure group, 31.9% in the brochure-only group, and 25.2% in the invitation-only group; the difference between groups was highly significant.
02Multiple logistic regression found that being invited with a brochure plus education and having a high knowledge score were associated with participation. The education plus brochure group's participation rate was reported as 3.05 times higher than the brochure-only group and 5.46 times higher than the invitation-only group.
03The change in knowledge was higher in the education plus brochure group than in both other groups, and perceived Pap smear benefits increased and perceived barriers decreased more in the education plus brochure group than in the invitation-only group.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
The study covered only three provinces and women living in the main city, so rural and other cultural settings are not addressed. The analysis included 356 women after 520 home visits, because 20 were unreachable, 71 were excluded, and 73 were not invited due to a Pap smear within the previous year. The invitation-only group still received information that screening was free and available without appointment, so it was not a no-information control. One Health Belief Model subscale, health motivation, had a Cronbach's alpha of .56 in this study.
Declared interests
The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
The easy way to misread this
Do not conclude that the brochure and training alone caused the higher screening rate. The women were also invited, and all groups were told that KETEM screening was free, available without an appointment, and that treatment was free if a problem was found, so the separate contribution of each part cannot be isolated.