EMG-driven control in lower limb prostheses: a topic-based systematic review.

This is a technical review of controller designs, not a clinical trial, so it does not show that EMG-driven control improves walking, balance, pain, safety, or independence. The supplied text does not give the total number of included studies, only counts for two movement-control categories. The search and selection were described as being done by the first author, with coauthors checking categories and synthesis, and the paper states no risk bias was identified for data selection; this is not a standard independent bias assessment. Included studies used different devices, joints, muscles, sensors, and outcome measures, so the controllers cannot be compared directly. Many studies were prototype or simulation work, often with small numbers of participants, and the review found no meaningful comparison with standard adaptive control or commercial products. The review notes missing or inconsistent reporting of control delay and limited evidence on patient safety and security.

The supplied text does not include a funding or conflict-of-interest declaration. The article is tagged as supported by non-U.S. government research funding, but no sponsor role in design or writing is stated.