Effects of risk management plus predictive nursing on adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury behavior.

Single-center convenience sample of 122 hospitalized adolescents, so results may not apply to other settings or less severe cases. Allocation was not random; groups were assigned by the nursing plan actually adopted, so differences in care or patient characteristics could explain the findings. The intervention was a bundle of many nursing, educational, family, and psychological components, so the contribution of any single component cannot be separated. The paper does not identify one outcome as the primary endpoint, and positive results are reported across several outcomes. Follow-up was relatively short and long-term outcomes were not evaluated. Many outcomes were self-reported and could be affected by response bias.

Do not conclude that risk management or predictive nursing alone caused the improvement. The observation group received routine ward nursing plus a bundle that included risk assessment, weekly ward safety inspections, removal of self-injury items, protective facilities, patrols every two hours, emergency drills, psychological counseling, cognitive behavioral therapy, support groups, family communication and training, school and community coordination, health education, quarterly safety campaigns, weekly interactive activities, recommended activities one to two times per week, positive stories twice per month, sleep support, daily habit support, and individualized activity plans. Allocation was not random, so the contribution of any single component cannot be separated.