Effectiveness of an eHealth intervention to improve subjective well-being and self-efficacy in cardiovascular disaease patients: A pilot non-randomized controlled trial.
Naima Z Farhane-Medina, Rosario Castillo-Mayén, Carmen Tabernero and 5 others
PMID 36208471WHAT IT FOUND
In 42 adults with cardiovascular disease, patients receiving a 1-hour self-efficacy session plus 14 daily WhatsApp messages reported higher positive feelings and confidence than usual care, but not less negative feelings, and the same differences were not seen in women.
Key findings
01The 1-hour psychoeducational session alone was followed by higher positive affect, lower negative affect, and higher SEMCD self-efficacy scores in the experimental group, while CMSES did not change significantly.
02Compared with the control group, the experimental group had higher positive affect after the eHealth phase and at the first follow-up, higher SEMCD self-efficacy after the eHealth phase and at both follow-ups, and higher CMSES self-efficacy after the eHealth phase.
03Sex-specific analyses showed self-efficacy differences on SEMCD for men but not for women, and no subjective well-being differences between groups for women.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
Participants were not randomly assigned; they were grouped by availability for the face-to-face session, and the groups differed at baseline in age and marital status. The sample was small, with 42 participants, and the study was a pilot. The experimental group received two components together, a personalized face-to-face psychoeducational session and 14 days of WhatsApp messages, so the contribution of either component cannot be separated. Data for the experimental group were collected by the psychologist who delivered the session, which may bias self-reported outcomes. Participants had to have a smartphone, internet access, and digital skills, so results may not apply to patients who do not. Only patient-reported subjective well-being and self-efficacy were measured; no cardiovascular clinical outcomes were reported. Previous mental health issues were not considered, and they could have affected the outcomes. Sex-specific analyses involved small numbers and should be read cautiously.
Declared interests
Funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
The easy way to misread this
Do not conclude that daily WhatsApp messages alone improved cardiovascular well-being or self-efficacy. The experimental group also received a personalized face-to-face psychoeducational session, the allocation was not random, and only patient-reported outcomes were measured.