Effect of Teaching Intervention Based on Health Action Process Approach on Self-care behavior in Older People with Hypertension: A Quasi-experimental Study.
Fahimeh Zamani, Ali Dehghani, Rasool Eslami Akbar and 1 others
PMID 40322055WHAT IT FOUND
Older adults with hypertension who received seven weekly sessions based on the Health Action Process Approach reported much higher self-care scores two months later.
Scores for diet, medication, reading labels, and disease management all improved. The control group showed no change.
Key findings
01Self-care scores increased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group two months after the teaching program.
02Improvements were seen across all four measured dimensions of self-care: dietary regimen, medication regimen, food labeling, and disease management.
03The median self-care score in the intervention group rose from 50 to 73 on a scale of 26 to 74.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
The study used a self-report questionnaire, so actual behaviors like medication intake or blood pressure readings were not verified. The study was single-blinded (only the statistician was blind), and allocation was not randomised, which introduces potential bias. The sample was limited to literate older adults in one Iranian health center, so results may not apply to those with lower literacy or different cultural contexts. The control group received educational booklets, which is an active comparison, but the difference in intensity of contact (group sessions vs. booklet) makes it hard to separate the effect of the HAPA model from the effect of social interaction and frequent monitoring.
Declared interests
None reported.
The easy way to misread this
Do not assume this intervention lowers blood pressure or prevents cardiovascular events. The study measured self-reported self-care behaviors, not clinical outcomes like blood pressure readings or hospitalizations. The improvement was in what patients said they were doing, not necessarily what they achieved physiologically.