RNCohortThe journal of nursing research : JNR2026

Effect of Substance Abuse on Suicidal Behaviors Among People Living With HIV: 11-Year Cohort Study.

Yi-Tseng Tsai, Sriyani Padmalatha Konara Mudiyanselage, Tzu-Jung Chuang and 4 others

PMID 41811732

WHAT IT FOUND

People living with HIV who also had substance abuse disorders faced nearly twice the risk of suicide compared to those without substance abuse.

Sleep disturbances, rather than depression, mediated a significant portion of this increased risk.

Key findings

01After adjusting for confounders, people living with HIV and substance abuse had a 1.93 times higher hazard of suicide compared to those without substance abuse.

02Sleep disturbances mediated 19.1% of the effect of substance abuse on suicide, showing a significant indirect effect.

03Depression mediated 15.5% of the effect, but this indirect pathway was not statistically significant.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs

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What it does not show

The study relied on administrative claims data, which may misclassify suicides as accidents (e.g., traffic deaths) or miss suicide attempts not resulting in hospital admission. Cultural stigma around suicide in the study region may have led to underreporting on death certificates. The sample was predominantly male (93%), limiting the generalizability of gender-specific findings. Sleep disturbance and depression diagnoses were based on ICD codes, which may lack clinical detail on severity.

Declared interests

The study was funded by the Taiwan Nurses Association. The authors declared no other conflicts of interest.

The easy way to misread this

Do not assume that treating depression alone will mitigate suicide risk in HIV patients with substance abuse. The study found that while depression was common, it did not significantly mediate the link between substance abuse and suicide, whereas sleep disturbances did.

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Effect of Substance Abuse on Suicidal Behaviors Among People Living With HIV: 11-Year Cohort Study. — Applied Evidence