Educational Interventions for Haemodialysis Patients in the Transplant Process: A Systematic Review.

The review included only 12 clinical trials, and most started after transplant, so it gives little direct evidence for education before transplant. The studies used different interventions, durations, settings, professionals and outcome measures, so the authors could not combine the results mathematically. Several trials were small, short, single-centre or had losses to follow-up. Many interventions included more than nurse education, such as brochures, phone calls, websites, videos, dietitian or nephrologist input, so the effect of nursing alone cannot be separated. Some trials did not collect key confounders such as comorbidities or medication adjustments. The review only included English or Spanish publications. The authors reported no high-risk-of-bias studies, but still noted limitations in the included trials.

The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Do not conclude that nurse education alone improves transplant outcomes. The trials used bundled programmes with brochures, phone calls, websites, videos, teach-back, motivational interviews, and sometimes dietitian or nephrologist input, and some showed no significant difference between groups.