Decreased cardiac output: an integrative review.
Ricardo Costa da Silva, Micaelle Costa Gondim, Gabriela Moreira Melo and 4 others
PMID 36753257WHAT IT FOUND
Edema, jugular vein distension, dyspnea and fatigue were the most commonly reported signs of decreased cardiac output in 31 studies.
The review also listed hyperglycemic stress, prone or left side positioning and sleep deprivation as possible contributing factors.
Key findings
01Edema was the most frequently reported defining characteristic for decreased cardiac output, appearing in 10 studies (71%).
02Several NANDA-I defining characteristics were not found in the reviewed literature, including decreased stroke volume index and decreased left ventricular stroke work index.
03The review identified possible new contributing factors, including hyperglycemic stress, prone position, left side position and sleep deprivation.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
The search was limited to publications from the previous 10 years and to the databases and strategies used, so relevant studies outside that period or search may have been missed. Most included studies were level VI descriptive or cross-sectional studies, and the population profiles and designs were heterogeneous, so the review does not establish cause and effect for the listed factors. The prevalence estimates for the nursing diagnosis ranged widely from 6.7% to 100%, so they cannot be read as a single reliable rate for clinical settings. No new defining characteristics were observed beyond those already present in the NANDA-I classification. Some defining characteristics that require pulmonary artery catheter measurement were not found in the reviewed literature.
The easy way to misread this
Do not read the listed signs and contributing factors as proof that a nursing action prevents decreased cardiac output. The review describes what 31 studies reported, and most were low-level evidence, not tested interventions.