Conceptual and operational definition of nursing outcomes regarding the breastfeeding establishment.
Suellen Cristina Dias Emidio, Flávia de Souza Barbosa Dias, Sue Moorhead and 3 others
PMID 32321045WHAT IT FOUND
Clarified nursing outcome definitions for breastfeeding establishment describe latch, milk presence, swallowing, and support.
Several maternal and infant indicators are proposed for wording changes or removal, but the definitions are not yet validated.
Key findings
01The review used 56 publications to construct conceptual and operational definitions for maternal and infant breastfeeding establishment nursing outcomes.
02The authors suggest changing the infant outcome title to newborn & infant and removing the first three weeks limit from the definitions.
03Proposed indicator changes include replacing 'full breast' with presence of colostrum or milk, separating alignment from latch, broadening swallowing to audible or noticeable, and removing frequent burping intervals.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
No patients or nurses were studied here, so the proposed definitions are not tested with real breastfeeding pairs. The review found no studies with evidence level I or II. The authors could not find nursing outcome validation studies related to breastfeeding. The search was limited to publications from 2013 to 2017 and excluded reviews, letters, editorials, case studies, and pilot studies.
The easy way to misread this
Do not treat the proposed nursing outcome definitions as validated tools for measuring breastfeeding success. This was a literature review, not a clinical study, and the authors say validation studies are still needed.