Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Reference Values for NCAA American Football.

Data were collected at three sites by different researchers, so site-to-site differences in testing may have affected scores. Different flooring may have changed slipping and scoring, although the paper does not quantify this. Some position groups had too few players for reliable comparisons. The sample included only male NCAA football players, so the values may not apply to other athletes or non-athletes. Upper extremity injury history was recorded as any injury at any time, and injury severity was not considered. The study provides group reference values, not evidence that a specific score predicts injury or return-to-play readiness.

Do not treat 27.3 touches as a required pass score or as proof that a player is ready to return. The paper reports group reference values, not a tested return-to-play threshold. Position matters in this sample: linemen grouped together averaged 25.7 touches, while all other players averaged 28.1 touches.