Clinical Models of Care for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities in Forensic Mental Health Services: A Scoping Review.

The included studies were not formally assessed for quality, which limits the strength of evidence for policy or practice change. The evidence is overwhelmingly from the UK (91%), raising questions about transferability to other healthcare systems. The population studied was predominantly male (33.9% male-only studies, 25% did not report gender), so findings may not apply to women. There is a lack of validated outcome measures for this population, making it difficult to compare the effectiveness of different models. Most studies were descriptive or had small sample sizes; there were few randomised controlled trials or long-term follow-ups.

The review was part of a larger UK study commissioned by the National Health Service (NHS). No other specific conflicts of interest were declared in the provided text.

Do not interpret the reported benefits as proof of efficacy for any single intervention. The review did not assess study quality, and many positive outcomes were linked to complex, multi-component systems where the contribution of individual therapies cannot be separated.