Case SeriesJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2025

Characterizing spinal reflexes evoked by sensory spinal cord stimulation in people with lower-limb amputation.

Rohit Bose, Ashley N Dalrymple, Devapratim Sarma and 11 others

PMID 41034988

WHAT IT FOUND

Spinal cord stimulation used to restore sensation in three people with lower-limb amputation triggered spinal reflexes but did not change their walking speed or limb symmetry.

The reflex activity did not interfere with their existing gait patterns during overground walking.

Key findings

01Spinal cord stimulation evoked posterior root-muscle reflexes in the residual limb of all three participants, confirmed by rate-dependent depression of the second response.

02Delivering stimulation during walking did not significantly alter step cycle duration or limb alternation symmetry in the two participants tested.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they found

Read the rest of this summary

You get three full summaries a month, free, and we do not ask for a card. Search, the TL;DRs and your library stay unlimited either way.

Already have one?

What it does not show

The study included only three participants, preventing group analyses or generalization to the wider amputee population. One participant could not complete walking tests due to lead migration, so gait data comes from only two individuals. Stimulation intensity was capped at 6 mA for safety, so the maximum possible reflex recruitment was not fully characterized. Different recording systems and lead manufacturers were used across participants, limiting direct comparison.

Declared interests

Funding was provided by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

The easy way to misread this

Do not interpret the stability of gait metrics as evidence that this treatment improves walking function. The study shows that spinal reflexes evoked by stimulation do not disrupt existing gait, but it does not demonstrate that the intervention enhances mobility or balance in people with amputation.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →


The study

Participants
3
Certainty of evidence
Very low

Browse

    Cite

    Rohit Bose, Ashley N Dalrymple, Devapratim Sarma, et al. Characterizing spinal reflexes evoked by sensory spinal cord stimulation in people with lower-limb amputation. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation. 2025.

    Read the original — we summarise, we never replace the paper.