Applied Evidence

Characterizing Populations Based on Proximity to a Fragile X Syndrome Specialty Clinic.

American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities · 2026 · Other

Hidayat Y Ogunsola, April D Summers, Maria G Gonzalez and 5 others

PMID 42593953

A U.S. map of Fragile X specialty clinic locations shows 76.2% of the population lives in a state with one, and those farthest away are more likely to be poor, disabled, and uninsured.

It is a geographic access study, not a treatment trial.

Key findings

176.2% of the U.S. population lives in a state with at least one FXS specialty clinic; of those, 36.4% live within 1 hour drive of the closest in-state clinic, 32.4% live 1 to 4 hours away, and 7.3% live more than 4 hours away.

2As drive time to the closest in-state FXS clinic increased from ≤1 hour to >4 hours, the percentage of the population below 150% of the poverty level rose from 18.6% to 23.8%, the percentage with a disability rose from 10.9% to 14.4%, the percentage without an internet subscription rose from 3.6% to 5.4%, and the percentage without insurance was highest at >4 hours (11.2%) compared with 8.5% in the closer categories.

310% of the U.S. population would have to travel further to reach a clinic in their own state than to one in a neighboring state.

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What it does not show

The study assumes people with FXS are geographically distributed like the general U.S. population; no FXS diagnosis data were used, so the results describe where the general population lives relative to clinics, not where people with FXS actually live. It is an ecologic design: findings are about populations in areas, not about individual patients, so they cannot be applied to a specific person's access or outcomes. The clinic list comes from the National Fragile X Foundation as of October 2024 and may miss other providers offering similar specialty services. The study did not assess public-transportation access, differences in clinic quality or level of specialization, or practical barriers such as a caregiver's ability to take time off work. No statistical testing was performed (the data are a complete census), so the reported percentages are descriptive and do not carry inferential significance.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →


The study

Participants
83,002 census tracts; total population N = 328,894,730 (general U.S. population, not specifically people with FXS)
Certainty of evidence
Low

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    Cite

    Hidayat Y Ogunsola, April D Summers, Maria G Gonzalez, et al. Characterizing Populations Based on Proximity to a Fragile X Syndrome Specialty Clinic. American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities. 2026.

    Read the original — we summarise, we never replace the paper.