Cervical Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire: Development and Psychometric Assessment With Immigrants in Australia.
Cannas Kwok, Gihane Endrawes, Chun Fan Lee
PMID 42138048WHAT IT FOUND
The 17-item Cervical Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire reliably measures attitudes, knowledge, and barriers to cervical screening in Arabic, Chinese, and Vietnamese women in Australia.
Scores align with self-reported screening history, supporting its use to identify underserved groups.
Key findings
01The final questionnaire was reduced to 17 items across three subscales: Attitudes, Knowledge, and Barriers.
02Internal consistency for the three subscales was acceptable, with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.88, 0.71, and 0.83.
03Scores were significantly higher for women who had heard of cervical cancer, attended screening, or intended to attend, confirming the tool reflects actual beliefs and behaviors.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
Participants were recruited via convenience sampling from ethnic community organizations in Sydney, so socially isolated or less acculturated women are likely underrepresented. The results cannot be generalized to all immigrant women. Cervical screening history was self-reported and not verified against medical records, so accuracy is uncertain. The study did not test cross-cultural equivalence between the Arabic, Chinese, and Vietnamese versions, nor did it evaluate test-retest reliability because it was a cross-sectional design. The sample size was insufficient to compare the three ethnic groups directly.
Declared interests
The study was funded by a Women’s Fellowship from Western Sydney University and an Establishment Grant from Charles Sturt University. No commercial conflicts of interest were reported.
The easy way to misread this
Do not assume the questionnaire is equally valid for all immigrant groups or that it measures actual screening attendance. It was validated only on women from community organizations in Sydney using self-reported data, and it has not been tested for cross-cultural equivalence between the three languages or for stability over time.